The map above
shows the model estimate of the average number of deaths per 1,000 square
kilometers (386 square miles) per year due to air pollution. The researchers
used the difference in pollution levels between 1850 and 2000 as a measure of
human-caused air pollution. Dark brown areas have more premature deaths than
light brown areas. Blue areas have experienced an improvement in air quality
relative to 1850 and a decline in premature deaths. Fine particulate matter
takes an especially large toll in eastern China, northern India, and Europe—all
areas where urbanization has added considerable quantities of PM2.5
to the atmosphere since the start of the Industrial Revolution.
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